乳房分泌物是正常現象還是乳癌症狀？詳細解說！ | Dr. Anjali Kumar | Maitri
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Reasons of Nipple Discharge
- Causes of Milky Discharge
- Causes of Non-Milky Discharge
- Signs and Symptoms to Watch Out For
- Connection Between Nipple Discharge and Breast Cancer
- What to Do If You Notice Nipple Discharge
- Conclusion
Introduction {#introduction}
For women who are not breastfeeding, the sight of any discharge from the nipples can be scary. However, it's important to remember that nipple discharge can be normal or due to some minor condition in most cases. In this article, we will discuss the reasons for nipple discharge and what you should do if you notice it.
Reasons of Nipple Discharge {#reasons-of-nipple-discharge}
Nipple discharge can be categorized into two types: milk discharge and non-milk discharge. Let's take a closer look at each of these types.
Milk Discharge {#milk-discharge}
Milk discharge from the breast is a common occurrence during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is normal for some milk to leak out of the nipple during these periods. However, milk discharge can also happen even if you are not pregnant or breastfeeding. This condition is known as galactorrhea and can occur in women who have never had children or even after menopause. It can also happen in men. The main reason for milk discharge from the breast is high levels of a hormone called prolactin. This condition, known as hyperprolactinemia, can be either normal or a sign of some underlying problem.
Non-Milk Discharge {#non-milk-discharge}
Non-milk discharge refers to the discharge that is not related to breastfeeding or pregnancy. This type of discharge can come in various colors and textures and may occur from one or both nipples. The color of the non-milk discharge can provide some clues about the underlying cause. It is important to seek medical attention if you notice any color of nipple discharge.
Causes of Milky Discharge {#causes-of-milky-discharge}
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding {#pregnancy-and-breastfeeding}
During pregnancy and breastfeeding, milk production in the breast is stimulated by hormones. If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, it is normal for milk to leak out from the nipples. This is not a cause for concern.
Galactorrhea {#galactorrhea}
Galactorrhea is the condition where milk continues to be produced in the breast even when a woman is not pregnant. It can occur in women who have never had children or even after menopause. The exact cause of galactorrhea is not known, but it can be related to hormonal imbalances.
Hyperprolactinemia {#hyperprolactinemia}
Hyperprolactinemia is a condition characterized by high levels of prolactin hormone in the body. This hormone is released from the pituitary gland in the brain. High levels of prolactin can be either normal or a sign of some underlying disease. In some cases, hyperprolactinemia can cause milk discharge from the breast.
Other Causes {#other-causes}
In addition to the above, there are several other factors that can cause milky discharge from the breast. These include excessive breast stimulation, certain medications (such as anti-epileptics, antacids, certain birth control pills, anti-anxiety drugs, and antidepressants), hypothyroidism, PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome), tumors of the pituitary gland, chronic kidney disease, nerve damage to the chest, spinal cord injury, excessive stress, excessive sleep, dehydration, sexual intercourse, seizures, and excessive intake of certain herbs like fenugreek.
Causes of Non-Milky Discharge {#causes-of-non-milky-discharge}
Non-milky discharge from the nipple can have various causes. The color and consistency of the discharge can provide some indications of the underlying issue.
Infection of the Breast or Nipple {#infection-of-the-breast-or-nipple}
A white, cloudy, yellowish, or pus-like discharge can be a sign of an infection of the breast or nipple. Infections can occur due to bacteria or fungi entering the breast tissue through cracks or openings in the skin.
Fibrocystic Disease of the Breast {#fibrocystic-disease-of-the-breast}
A clear, yellowish, green discharge can be seen in fibrocystic disease of the breast. This is a common condition characterized by the formation of benign cysts in the breast tissue.
Papilloma {#papilloma}
A clear discharge, sometimes accompanied by bloody discharge, can be a sign of a papilloma. A papilloma is a benign growth in the mammary ducts. In some cases, a clear discharge can also be a sign of breast cancer.
Breast Cancer {#breast-cancer}
A bloody or clear discharge from one breast, especially if it occurs spontaneously and continuously without any stimulation, can be a sign of breast cancer. Other associated symptoms to watch out for include a breast lump or swelling, nipple changes, skin changes, and size changes of the breast.
Signs and Symptoms to Watch Out For {#signs-and-symptoms-to-watch-out-for}
When it comes to nipple discharge, there are certain signs and symptoms that should not be ignored. These include:
Lump or Swelling in the Breast or Around the Nipple {#lump-or-swelling-in-the-breast-or-around-the-nipple}
If you notice a lump or swelling in the breast or around the nipple along with nipple discharge, it is important to have it evaluated by a doctor. This can help determine the underlying cause of the discharge.
Nipple Changes {#nipple-changes}
Any changes in the appearance of the nipple, such as turning inwards or changes in color, should be noted. These changes can sometimes indicate a more serious underlying condition.
Skin Changes {#skin-changes}
Changes in the skin over the nipple, such as itching, redness, rashes, or the presence of lesions, should be monitored. These changes can be a sign of an underlying issue.
Breast Size Changes {#breast-size-changes}
If you notice that one breast is larger or smaller than the others, it is important to bring this to the attention of a healthcare professional. This asymmetry can sometimes indicate an underlying problem.
Connection Between Nipple Discharge and Breast Cancer {#connection-between-nipple-discharge-and-breast-cancer}
It is natural to worry about breast cancer when there is nipple discharge. However, it is important to note that most cases of nipple discharge are either normal or caused by benign medical conditions. Nonetheless, any nipple discharge of any color requires evaluation from a doctor. If the discharge is bloody or clear, occurs from one breast continuously without stimulation, and is associated with a lump or any abnormal changes in the breast, a thorough evaluation is needed.
What to Do If You Notice Nipple Discharge {#what-to-do-if-you-notice-nipple-discharge}
If you notice nipple discharge, it is important to follow these steps:
Do Not Panic {#do-not-panic}
In most cases, nipple discharge is a benign condition and easily treatable. Panicking will only cause unnecessary stress.
Seek an Appointment with a Doctor {#seek-an-appointment-with-a-doctor}
Make an appointment with a doctor to discuss your symptoms and concerns. A healthcare professional will be able to provide a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
Review Your Medicines {#review-your-medicines}
Inform your doctor about any medications you are currently taking. Some medications can cause nipple discharge, and your doctor may suggest alternative options or adjust your dosage if necessary.
Get Required Investigations {#get-required-investigations}
Your doctor may order blood work, such as a thyroid profile and a serum prolactin test, to check for any hormonal imbalances. They may also recommend a cytology test of the discharge, an ultrasound of the breast, or a mammogram to further assess the situation. In some cases, a biopsy may be required.
Conclusion {#conclusion}
Nipple discharge can be concerning, but in most cases, it is either normal or caused by a benign condition. It is important to seek medical attention if you notice any nipple discharge. A thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis will help determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment. Remember not to panic, as most cases of nipple discharge are easily treatable with the right approach.
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