鄉愁⁠—哈姆雷特的深層挑戰

Table of Contents

1. Act 3 Scene 3 - Hamlet's Plan
2. Act 3 Scene 4 - Hamlet Confronts His Mother
3. Act 4 Scene 1 - Ophelia's Madness
4. Act 4 Scene 2 - Hamlet Disposes of Polonius' Body
5. Act 4 Scene 3 - Hamlet's Voyage to England
6. Act 4 Scene 4 - Fortinbras and the Norwegian Army
7. Act 4 Scene 5 - Ophelia's Funeral
8. Act 4 Scene 6 - Horatio's Meeting with Hamlet
9. Act 4 Scene 7 - The Dueling Challenge
10. Act 5 - The Final Act

Act 3 Scene 3 - Hamlet's Plan

In this scene, the action takes place within the castle. Polonius, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern enter the stage, discussing Hamlet's erratic behavior and considering him to be a danger. King Claudius decides to send Hamlet to England with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, fearing the consequences of his actions. Polonius then reveals his plan to hide in his mother Gertrude's room and eavesdrop on Hamlet's confrontation with her. Hamlet, on the other hand, is planning his revenge. He sees the opportunity to kill Claudius while he is praying but hesitates, not wanting to send his soul to heaven. Instead, he decides to wait for a more opportune moment to kill his stepfather and achieve his revenge.

Pros:

• Hamlet's plan shows his strategic thinking and patience.
• By waiting for the right moment, Hamlet ensures a more impactful revenge.

Cons:

• Hamlet's hesitation may prolong Claudius' reign and delay justice for his father.

Act 3 Scene 4 - Hamlet Confronts His Mother

The scene shifts to Gertrude's chamber, where the queen and Polonius wait for Hamlet's arrival. Polonius plans to hide and listen to their conversation, hoping to uncover the cause of Hamlet's strange behavior. When Hamlet enters the room, he confronts his mother about her marriage to Claudius, accusing her of offending his father's memory. Their conversation escalates into a heated argument, with Hamlet displaying intense anger towards his mother's actions. Suddenly, Hamlet notices a hidden figure behind the arras and, thinking it might be Claudius, draws his sword and kills the concealed person. To his horror, Hamlet realizes that he has mistakenly killed Polonius, not Claudius. Hamlet continues to berate his mother for her actions and shows her pictures of his father and Claudius, emphasizing their differences. The Ghost of Hamlet's father appears again, but only Hamlet can see him, further convincing Gertrude of his madness. The Ghost reminds Hamlet of his purpose and urges him to seek revenge on Claudius. Gertrude, shaken by the encounter, agrees to keep Hamlet's secret and promises not to reveal his feigned madness to Claudius.

Act 4 Scene 1 - Ophelia's Madness

In this scene, Ophelia enters, visibly disturbed and singing nonsensical songs. Her brother Laertes and his friend Horatio witness her distress. Ophelia's madness is a result of the recent events that have unfolded, including the death of her father Polonius and Hamlet's subsequent rejection of her love. Laertes laments the loss of his father and condemns Hamlet for causing Ophelia's madness. Claudius and Gertrude also enter the scene and witness Ophelia's mad behavior. Claudius sends for a doctor to examine her, hoping to find a cure for her mental state. Ophelia's madness serves as a reflection of the chaos and tragedy that surrounds the kingdom.

Act 4 Scene 2 - Hamlet Disposes of Polonius' Body

Elsewhere in the castle, Hamlet is confronted by Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, who ask about Polonius' whereabouts. Hamlet evades their questions and implies that Polonius is with the king but the king is not with the body. Hamlet's ambiguous response heightens suspicion and reinforces his feigned madness. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are unable to ascertain the truth from Hamlet and leave to search for Polonius. Hamlet reveals to himself that he has hidden Polonius' body, and his actions are in line with his plan to confront Claudius. He reflects on the consequences of his actions and the gravity of his revenge. Hamlet's disposal of the body further complicates the situation, creating a sense of unease among the characters.

Act 4 Scene 3 - Hamlet's Voyage to England

In this scene, Claudius discusses Hamlet's recent actions with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. He is frantic to find a way to handle the public crisis caused by Hamlet's madness and Polonius' death. Gertrude enters and informs Claudius about her encounter with Hamlet, revealing that he knows about Polonius' death. Claudius realizes that Hamlet must be sent away to England immediately to avoid further escalation. He instructs Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to prepare for Hamlet's departure and find a way to address the court and public regarding Polonius' murder. The urgency of Claudius' actions reflects his fear of losing control over Denmark and his desire to protect his own position.

Act 4 Scene 4 - Fortinbras and the Norwegian Army

This scene takes place outside the castle walls. Fortinbras, the Prince of Norway, and the Norwegian Army march through Denmark. Hamlet encounters them and is struck by the determination and vigor with which they pursue their mission. Fortinbras explains to Hamlet that they are on their way to conquer a small, insignificant piece of land, displaying their willingness to go to great lengths for the smallest of rewards. Hamlet, inspired by Fortinbras' resolve, reflects on his own lack of action and vows to carry out his revenge. The presence of Fortinbras serves as a contrast to Hamlet's own indecisiveness and adds to the ongoing theme of honor and duty.

Act 4 Scene 5 - Ophelia's Funeral

The scene opens with a funeral procession led by Laertes, who mourns the death of his sister Ophelia. He expresses his grief and anger over her tragic fate and confronts the priest about the lack of ceremony for someone who died under questionable circumstances. During the service, Hamlet arrives unexpectedly and declares his love for Ophelia, causing tension between him and Laertes. The confrontation intensifies, and Hamlet and Laertes engage in a physical altercation, symbolizing their conflicting emotions and the unresolved conflicts within the kingdom. Ophelia's funeral serves as a moment of catharsis, allowing the characters to express their grief and confront their emotions.

Act 4 Scene 6 - Horatio's Meeting with Hamlet

In this scene, Horatio informs Hamlet of the recent events, including Ophelia's death and the growing tensions within the kingdom. Hamlet expresses his frustration and confusion over the situation, questioning why fate has dealt him such a difficult hand. Horatio offers his support and advises Hamlet to refrain from further confrontation with Claudius, as it may lead to dire consequences. The meeting between Horatio and Hamlet emphasizes the importance of friendship and provides a moment of reflection for Hamlet to gather his thoughts and strategize a plan.

Act 4 Scene 7 - The Dueling Challenge

This scene unfolds in the castle, where Claudius discusses Hamlet's behavior and the threats he poses with Laertes. Claudius suggests a plan to challenge Hamlet to a duel, using Laertes as his opponent. Laertes, fueled by anger and grief, agrees to the plan and is willing to go to great lengths for his revenge. Claudius sees this as an opportunity to eliminate Hamlet without directly implicating himself. They discuss the specifics of the duel and the use of poisoned weapons as a failsafe. This scene sets the stage for the final confrontation between Hamlet and Laertes, fueled by their shared desire for revenge.

Act 5 - The Final Act

In the final act, the events come to a head as characters face the consequences of their actions. Hamlet reflects on the inevitability of death and the futility of life. He encounters a gravedigger, who unearths skulls and engages in a morbid conversation. Hamlet discovers that one of the skulls is Yorick's, a jester from his childhood. This encounter prompts Hamlet to contemplate the transient nature of life and the inevitability of death. As the drama intensifies, Hamlet and Laertes engage in a duel, during which both are fatally wounded. Gertrude unwittingly drinks from a poisoned cup meant for Hamlet, and in the chaos that ensues, Claudius is also killed. Horatio, the only survivor, mourns the loss of his friend and promises to tell Hamlet's story. The play concludes with the Norwegian Prince Fortinbras arriving and taking control of the kingdom, symbolizing a restoration of order and stability.